What Are Terpenes?

When you think about cannabis, what comes to your mind is probably only THC and CBD. Most people already know the benefits of these compounds, especially their therapeutic effects. However, these are not the only compounds found in the plant. Studies show that cannabis has over 500 different chemical compounds and more than 100 cannabinoids (like THC and CBD).

Today, we are taking a deep dive into terpenes, another natural compound found in cannabis. We will walk you through what they really are, the role they play, and their benefits.

What Are Terpenes?

Terpenes are natural compounds found in almost all plants, including cannabis. They give plants their unique and different scents and flavours. That is why you wouldn't find one plant that smells the same as another.

Besides giving plants their distinct scents, terpenes also have multiple health benefits. Read on to find out their influence on how cannabis affects your body and mind.

Terpenes in Cannabis?

Terpenes are the aromatic compounds found in most plants. In cannabis, they are found in the tiny sticky glands on the flower. These glands are called trichomes and are the same ones that produce THC and CBD.

Terpenes in cannabis play multiple roles. It gives it a distinct smell and flavour, protects the plant from pests and fungi, and interacts with cannabinoids to enhance their effectiveness.

THC and CBD are still the main compounds that drive the psychoactive and medicinal effects, but terpenes also help direct how these effects are felt, which makes them an important part of the whole process.

The Role of Terpenes in Cannabis

Protecting the Plant

Like any other plant, cannabis also goes through various challenges. They are not exempt from bugs, insects, harsh weather, and even diseases. And since plants cannot move away from these dangers like animals, they have special ways to protect themselves. For cannabis, one of those special ways is terpenes.

The strong smells of certain terpenes act like natural bug spray, which keeps pests and even grazing animals from eating the plant. Some terpenes act as natural antifungal and antibacterial agents, helping to protect the plant against harmful bacteria, fungi, or mould. 

Another way terpenes help keep the plant safe is by protecting it against strong UV rays. While the sun is necessary for energy, too much heat can be harmful. Terpenes act as the plant’s sunscreen, helping reduce potential sun damage.

Giving Each Type of Cannabis Its Unique Identity

Did you know that there are different types of cannabis? Just like there are different types of apples, including Granny Smith, Honeycrisp, and Red Delicious, all of which look, taste, and even feel different when you eat them, cannabis also comes in different strains, each of which has its own unique smell, flavours, and effects.

Terpenes contribute to the unique identity of each strain. For example, you might find that two strains have the same amount of THC or CBD, but because their terpenes profiles are different, they feel completely different when used. One might make you feel relaxed and sleepy, while the other might boost your energy. Terpenes give them unique “personalities”.

The “Entourage Effect” (Team Effect)

Inside the cannabis plants, there are various cannabinoids (the main ones being THC and CBD), compounds, terpenes, and many other natural chemical substances, all of which have to work together. The “entourage effect” refers to how they all complement each other.

For example, while THC has psychoactive effects that make you feel “high”, CBD brings balance, making those effects feel calm and smooth. Terpenes, on the other hand, shape the whole experience, influencing the taste, smell, and effects. It can make THC feel stronger, softer, or even bring its own unique touch.

Common Terpenes in Cannabis and Their Effects

Myrcene

Myrcene has an earthy, musky, herbal-like smell, almost like cloves or thyme. It is known for its sedating or calming effect and helps improve relaxation and sleep. It can also help reduce muscle tension and physical discomfort.

Limonene

Limonene, just like the name suggests, has a refreshing, citrus smell, like lemons or oranges. This is ideal for individuals seeking to boost their mood and energy, or alleviate feelings of anxiety. Studies show it can also help improve digestion and may even have antibacterial effects.

Pinene

Pinene smells like pine: fresh and strong but pleasant. It can help improve focus and memory, allowing you to stay sharp and alert. It can also help open up airways, making breathing easier, and may have anti-inflammatory properties.

Linalool

Linalool has a floral scent, like lavender. In aromatherapy, lavender, which contains linalool, is well-known for its calming effects on the nervous system. It can help reduce stress and anxiety, help with mild pain relief, and improve sleep quality. This makes it ideal for individuals dealing with stress and worry, as well as those who struggle with sleep.

Caryophyllene

Caryophyllene is special because it is the only terpene known to interact directly with the body’s endocannabinoid system. It has anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce pain and discomfort. This especially makes it perfect for those managing long-term health conditions. Caryophyllene has a spicy, peppery, woody smell.

Humulene

Humulene’s scent can be described as earthy, woody, and/ or spicy. Unlike most other cannabis compounds that make you hungrier, humulene acts as an appetite suppressant. It also has anti-inflammatory properties and can support the immune system.

Why Understanding Terpenes Helps You

Most people only check the CBD or THC levels when choosing cannabis products, not realising how terpenes can actually affect the overall experience. Learning about terpenes can make a big difference. It can help you match a product with your specific needs and actually maximise the effects. It is like a cheat code that gives you extra clues about how you will feel and what to expect before you even use the product.

For example, if you want to feel more relaxed, choose a strain with lots of myrcene. Similarly, if you want something to lift your mood and energy, something rich in limonene might be your best option.

But How Do You Know Which Terpenes Are In A Product?

Check the product packaging - Most cannabis products list only THC and CBD percentages, and terpenes are often not shown. However, some brands include a terpene breakdown with percentages. You might see something like myrcene: 0.8%, limonene: 0.5%, pinene: 0.3%, etc.

Ask your supplier - They usually know which strains are high in certain terpenes.

Use scent as a clue - For example, if it smells citrusy, it most likely has limonene. If it smells earthy or musky, it may have more myrcene.

Conclusion

Terpenes might be a tiny bit overlooked, but they are a powerful compound and play an important role in cannabis and all plants alike. They are also not just meant for pleasing your nose. Terpenes actually contribute to your overall experience by enhancing the effects.

Understanding how it works is important to help you choose products that meet your needs, whether you want to reduce stress and anxiety or find relief from pain and inflammation.